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1. #Is internet required for polymath software manual#
2. #Is internet required for polymath software software#

This is because large scale production of ammonia enabled production of fertilizers that leads to huge increase in crop yields, which in turn enabled the expansion of the world's population from 1.6 billion people in 1900 to 6 billion at the end of the century. The industrial synthesis of ammonia from its elements is considered by many as the most important technical invention of the twentieth century (Smil, 2001). In this paper we present an exercise where the use of these tools can be practiced together with the modeling of chemical equilibrium at various levels of rigor with respect to the ammonia synthesis process. It is very important for chemical engineering students to learn, and practice the use of, these modern computational tools. Physical and thermodynamic property data needed for the computation are routinely retrieved from property databases, such as DIPPR or NIST. More complex calculations are carried out by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) packages (Morscheidt et al., 2013) and process simulation programs (such as Aspen, ChemCAD and UniSim see, for example, Shacham et al., 2009).

#Is internet required for polymath software software#

As a result of these changes, numerical calculations are carried out nowadays mostly by mathematical software packages such as Excel ®, MAPLE™, MATHCAD ®, MATLAB ®, Mathematica ® and POLYMATH™ (Shacham and Cutlip, 1999, Mahecha-Botero et al., 2011). The introduction of the personal computer in the early nineteen-eighties, and the emergence of commercial Internet providers a few years later, leads to revolutionary changes in chemical engineering problem-solving. It also helps them master the complex issues involved in phase and chemical equilibrium in reacting systems.

#Is internet required for polymath software manual#

On one hand, the exercise gives students an opportunity to become familiar with and to appreciate the precision of the experimental work and the manual calculations that were carried out more than a hundred years ago, and on the other hand, it gives them an opportunity to practice the use of the modern numerical problem-solving tools. The use of state-of-the-art problem-solving tools, including mathematical software packages and process simulation programs, combined with reliable physical property databases for the equilibrium computations, is emphasized.

In the exercise, the students are required to calculate the equilibrium conversion to ammonia using three mathematical models: a regression model which is based on experimental equilibrium data obtained by Haber and le Rossignol over a hundred years ago a model based on the Gibbs energy and ideal gas conditions and the Gibbs energy model with gas phase non-ideality included. An exercise that involves a process of great historical importance – that of synthesizing ammonia from its elements – is presented.